abstract：PROBLEM:Prophylactic treatment and follow-up after exposure to HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C outside hospital needs to be improved. BACKGROUND AND SETTING:Until January 2000, people in Amsterdam could report exposure outside hospital to either a hospital or the municipal health service. If they reported to the mun...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sonder GJ,Regez RM,Brinkman K,Prins JM,Mulder JW,Spaargaren J,Coutinho RA,van den Hoek A

更新日期：2005-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether screening Danish men aged 65 or more for abdominal aortic aneurysms reduces mortality. DESIGN:Single centre randomised controlled trial. SETTING:All five hospitals in Viborg County, Denmark. PARTICIPANTS:All 12,639 men born during 1921-33 and living in Viborg County. In 1994 we include...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lindholt JS,Juul S,Fasting H,Henneberg EW

更新日期：2005-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop and refine a complex intervention for diabetes support and education in minority ethnic groups, delivered through bilingual health advocates. DESIGN:Action research framework-a variety of methods used in an emergent and developmental manner, in partnership with clinicians, managers, and service us...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Greenhalgh T,Collard A,Begum N

更新日期：2005-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of rectal artemether with intravenous quinine in the treatment of cerebral malaria in children. DESIGN:Randomised, single blind, clinical trial. SETTING:Acute care unit at Mulago Hospital, Uganda's national referral and teaching hospital in Kampala. PARTICIPANTS:103 child...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Aceng JR,Byarugaba JS,Tumwine JK

更新日期：2005-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To review completed trials assessing effect of hormone replacement therapy on subsequent risk of stroke, assessing stroke by pathological type, severity, and outcome. DESIGN:Systematic review of randomised controlled trials identified from the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline; reviews; and reference li...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Bath PM,Gray LJ

更新日期：2005-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between environmental tobacco smoke, plasma cotinine concentration, and respiratory cancer or death. DESIGN:Nested case-control study within the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC). PARTICIPANTS:303,020 people from the EPIC cohort (total 500,00...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Vineis P,Airoldi L,Veglia F,Olgiati L,Pastorelli R,Autrup H,Dunning A,Garte S,Gormally E,Hainaut P,Malaveille C,Matullo G,Peluso M,Overvad K,Tjonneland A,Clavel-Chapelon F,Boeing H,Krogh V,Palli D,Panico S,Tumino

更新日期：2005-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the use of inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia among asthmatic women. DESIGN:Nested case-control study. SETTING:Three administrative health databases from Quebec: RAMQ, MED-ECHO, and Fichier des evenements demog...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Martel MJ,Rey E,Beauchesne MF,Perreault S,Lefebvre G,Forget A,Blais L

更新日期：2005-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Firstly, to assess the completeness of ascertainment in the National Congenital Anomaly System (NCAS), the basis for congenital anomaly surveillance in England and Wales, and its variation by defect, geographical area, and socioeconomic deprivation. Secondly, to assess the impact of the lack of data on pregna...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Boyd PA,Armstrong B,Dolk H,Botting B,Pattenden S,Abramsky L,Rankin J,Vrijheid M,Wellesley D

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Although the Polypill concept (proposed in 2003) is promising in terms of benefits for cardiovascular risk management, the potential costs and adverse effects are its main pitfalls. The objective of this study was to identify a tastier and safer alternative to the Polypill: the Polymeal. METHODS:Data on the ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Franco OH,Bonneux L,de Laet C,Peeters A,Steyerberg EW,Mackenbach JP

更新日期：2004-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:Zimbabwe has one of the highest rates of HIV seroprevalence in the world. In 2001 only 4% of women and children in need of services for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV were receiving them. DESIGN:Pilot implementation of the first programme for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Perez F,Orne-Gliemann J,Mukotekwa T,Miller A,Glenshaw M,Mahomva A,Dabis F

更新日期：2004-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test the effectiveness of an evidence based model for management of depression in primary care with support from quality improvement resources. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Five healthcare organisations in the United States and 60 affiliated practices. PATIENTS:405 patients, aged ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dietrich AJ,Oxman TE,Williams JW Jr,Schulberg HC,Bruce ML,Lee PW,Barry S,Raue PJ,Lefever JJ,Heo M,Rost K,Kroenke K,Gerrity M,Nutting PA

更新日期：2004-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To report on the country of training and ethnicity of consultants in different specialties in the NHS, on trends in intake to UK medical schools by ethnicity, and on the specialty choices made by UK medical graduates in different ethnic groups. DESIGN:Analysis of official databases of consultants and of stu...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Goldacre MJ,Davidson JM,Lambert TW

更新日期：2004-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine a possible effect on labour of training the muscles of the pelvic floor during pregnancy. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Trondheim University Hospital and three outpatient physiotherapy clinics in a primary care setting. PARTICIPANTS:301 healthy nulliparous women randomly allocated...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Salvesen KA,Mørkved S

更新日期：2004-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of home blood pressure monitoring on blood pressure levels and proportion of people with essential hypertension achieving targets. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of 18 randomised controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS:1359 people with essential hypertension allocated to home blood pressure monitoring...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Cappuccio FP,Kerry SM,Forbes L,Donald A

更新日期：2004-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:Deep infection after joint arthroplasty can be catastrophic, leading to further surgery, loss of the prosthesis, disability, and risk of mortality. Twenty nine new cases of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurred in the first year after elective orthopaedic surgery was centralised to a district gen...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Biant LC,Teare EL,Williams WW,Tuite JD

更新日期：2004-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the relation between diameters of the retinal arterioles and 10 year incidence of hypertension. DESIGN:Population based prospective cohort study. SETTING:Beaver Dam eye study. PARTICIPANTS:2451 normotensive people aged 43 to 84 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Diameters of retinal arterioles and ve...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wong TY,Shankar A,Klein R,Klein BE,Hubbard LD

更新日期：2004-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate trends in the incidence of acute pancreatitis resulting in admission to hospital, and mortality after admission, from 1963 to 1998. DESIGN:Analysis of hospital inpatient statistics for acute pancreatitis, linked to data from death certificates. SETTING:Southern England. SUBJECTS:5312 people...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Goldacre MJ,Roberts SE

更新日期：2004-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine doctors' perspectives about their experiences with handheld computers in clinical practice. DESIGN:Qualitative study of eight focus groups consisting of doctors with diverse training and practice patterns. SETTING:Six practice settings across the United States and two additional focus group sessi...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： McAlearney AS,Schweikhart SB,Medow MA

更新日期：2004-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost effectiveness of acupuncture in the management of chronic headache. DESIGN:Cost effectiveness analysis of a randomised controlled trial. SETTING:General practices in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS:401 patients with chronic headache, predominantly migraine. Interventions Patients were ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wonderling D,Vickers AJ,Grieve R,McCarney R

更新日期：2004-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To quantify the association between stressful life events and exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. DATA SOURCES:PubMed, PsychInfo, and Psychological Abstracts searched for empirical papers from 1965 to February 2003 with terms "stress", "trauma", and "multiple sclerosis". REVIEW METHODS:Three investigators ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Mohr DC,Hart SL,Julian L,Cox D,Pelletier D

更新日期：2004-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the circumstances since the 1950s in which people who were attracted to members of the same sex received treatments to change their sexual orientation, the referral pathway and the process of therapy, and its aftermath. DESIGN:A nationwide study based on qualitative interviews. PARTICIPANTS:...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Smith G,Bartlett A,King M

更新日期：2004-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare blood pressure control, satisfaction, and adherence to drug treatment in patients with treated hypertension followed up by their family physicians either every three months or every six months for three years. DESIGN:Randomised equivalence clinical trial. Settings 50 family practices in south east...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Birtwhistle RV,Godwin MS,Delva MD,Casson RI,Lam M,MacDonald SE,Seguin R,Rühland L

更新日期：2004-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether poor reporting of methods in randomised controlled trials reflects on poor methods. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Reports of randomised controlled trials conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group since its establishment in 1968. PARTICIPANTS:The Radiation Therapy Oncology...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Soares HP,Daniels S,Kumar A,Clarke M,Scott C,Swann S,Djulbegovic B,Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

更新日期：2004-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of the US Air Force suicide prevention programme on risk of suicide and other outcomes that share underlying risk factors. DESIGN:Cohort study with quasi-experimental design and analysis of cohorts before (1990-6) and after (1997-2002) the intervention. PARTICIPANTS:5,260,292 US Air F...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Knox KL,Litts DA,Talcott GW,Feig JC,Caine ED

更新日期：2003-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine which treatments for preventing coronary heart disease should be offered to which patients by assessing their incremental cost effectiveness. DESIGN:Modelling study. DATA SOURCES:Cost estimates (for NHS) and estimates of effectiveness obtained for aspirin, antihypertensive drugs, statins and cl...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Marshall T

更新日期：2003-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate participants' perceptions of the impact on them of an additional six months' training beyond the standard 12 month general practice vocational training scheme. DESIGN:Qualitative study using focus groups. SETTING:General practice vocational training in Northern Ireland. PARTICIPANTS:13 general ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sibbett CH,Thompson WT,Crawford M,McKnight A

更新日期：2003-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a general practice based, proactive system of asthma care in children. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with cluster sampling by general practice. SETTING:General practices in the northern region of the Australian Capital Territory. PARTICIPANTS:174 childre...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Glasgow NJ,Ponsonby AL,Yates R,Beilby J,Dugdale P

更新日期：2003-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare patterns of admission to hospital and prognosis in white and South Asian patients newly admitted with heart failure, and to evaluate the effect of personal characteristics and comorbidity on outcome. DESIGN:Historical cohort study. SETTING:UK district health authority (population 960,000). PART...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Blackledge HM,Newton J,Squire IB

更新日期：2003-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To increase understanding of how the prison environment influences the mental health of prisoners and prison staff. DESIGN:Qualitative study with focus groups. SETTING:A local prison in southern England. PARTICIPANTS:Prisoners and prison staff. RESULTS:Prisoners reported that long periods of isolation wit...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Nurse J,Woodcock P,Ormsby J

更新日期：2003-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine whether an aid to the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions reduces the ratio of benign lesions to melanomas excised in general practice. DESIGN:Controlled trial randomised by practice. SETTING:General practices in Perth, Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS:468 general practitioners in 223 practice...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： English DR,Burton RC,del Mar CB,Donovan RJ,Ireland PD,Emery G

更新日期：2003-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate systematically the review literature on type 2 diabetes to assess transmission of the findings of the United Kingdom prospective diabetes study (UKPDS), an important source of recent valid patient oriented evidence that matters (POEMs). DESIGN:Inception cohort analysis of the recent medical liter...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Shaughnessy AF,Slawson DC

更新日期：2003-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the accuracy of physicians' clinical predictions of survival in terminally ill cancer patients. DATA SOURCES:Cochrane Library, Medline (1996-2000), Embase, Current Contents, and Cancerlit databases as well as hand searching. STUDY SELECTION:Studies were included if a physician's tem...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Glare P,Virik K,Jones M,Hudson M,Eychmuller S,Simes J,Christakis N

更新日期：2003-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the risk of acute hepatotoxicity associated with nimesulide compared with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort and nested case-control study. SETTING:Umbria region, Italy. PARTICIPANTS:400 000 current, recent, and past users (almost 2 million prescriptions) o...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Traversa G,Bianchi C,Da Cas R,Abraha I,Menniti-Ippolito F,Venegoni M

更新日期：2003-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the clinical and radiological features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and to evaluate the accuracy of the World Health Organization's guidelines on defining cases of SARS. DESIGN:Prospective observational study. SETTING:A newly set up SARS screening clinic in the emergency departm...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Rainer TH,Cameron PA,Smit D,Ong KL,Hung AN,Nin DC,Ahuja AT,Si LC,Sung JJ

更新日期：2003-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy in the treatment of patients with fever and neutropenia. DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, Lilacs, the Cochrane Library, and conference proceedings to 2002. References of included studies and contact wit...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Paul M,Soares-Weiser K,Leibovici L

更新日期：2003-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To systematically review measures of data quality in electronic patient records (EPRs) in primary care. DESIGN:Systematic review of English language publications, 1980-2001. DATA SOURCES:Bibliographic searches of medical databases, specialist medical informatics databases, conference proceedings, and instit...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Thiru K,Hassey A,Sullivan F

更新日期：2003-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the incidence of suicides due to co-proxamol compared with tricyclic antidepressants and paracetamol, and to compare fatality rates for self poisonings with these drugs. DESIGN:Analysis of routinely collected national and local data on suicides and self poisonings. SETTING:Records of suicides in...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hawton K,Simkin S,Deeks J

更新日期：2003-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To gain detailed understanding of influences on smoking behaviour in Bangladeshi and Pakistani communities in the United Kingdom to inform the development of effective and culturally acceptable smoking cessation interventions. DESIGN:Qualitative study using community participatory methods, purposeful samplin...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Bush J,White M,Kai J,Rankin J,Bhopal R

更新日期：2003-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure the effect of brief behavioural counselling in general practice on patients' consumption of fruit and vegetables in adults from a low income population. DESIGN:Parallel group randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Primary health centre in a deprived, ethnically mixed inner city area. PARTICIPANTS:...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Steptoe A,Perkins-Porras L,McKay C,Rink E,Hilton S,Cappuccio FP

更新日期：2003-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact on birth size and risk of low birth weight of alternative combinations of micronutrients given to pregnant women. DESIGN:Double blind cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Rural community in south eastern Nepal. PARTICIPANTS:4926 pregnant women and 4130 live born infants. INTER...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Christian P,Khatry SK,Katz J,Pradhan EK,LeClerq SC,Shrestha SR,Adhikari RK,Sommer A,West KP Jr

更新日期：2003-03-15 00:00:00